pge 2 parameter assay kit  (R&D Systems)

Journal: The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology : Official Journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology

Article Title: Interleukin-1β-induced arthritis involves chondrocyte oxiapoptophagy

doi: 10.4196/kjpp.25.279

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A, B) IL-1β increases ROS production in chondrocytes. Scale bar = 100 μm. (C–E) The expression of inflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), are upregulated in chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1β. Values are presented as mean ± SD. DCF-DA, dichlorfluorescein-diacetate.

Article Snippet: The production of PGE 2 in the chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1β was measured using a PGE 2 Parameter Assay Kit (R&D System), according to the manufacturer’s instruction.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Veterinary Sciences

Article Title: Celecoxib Inhibits Vasculogenic Mimicry and Induces Apoptosis in the D17 Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Line via the COX-2/PGE2 Signaling Axis

doi: 10.3390/vetsci13030288

Figure Lengend Snippet: Celecoxib inhibits PGE 2 production in D17 canine osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. D17 cells were treated with celecoxib (0, 60, and 80 μM) for 48 h. PGE 2 concentrations in the culture medium were quantified by ELISA. Data represent mean ± SD. * p < 0.01 versus vehicle control by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: PGE 2 levels were quantified using the Parameter TM PGE 2 assay kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Veterinary Sciences

Article Title: Celecoxib Inhibits Vasculogenic Mimicry and Induces Apoptosis in the D17 Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Line via the COX-2/PGE2 Signaling Axis

doi: 10.3390/vetsci13030288

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exogenous PGE 2 rescues celecoxib-inhibited vasculogenic mimicry formation in D17 canine osteosarcoma cells. ( a ) Representative phase-contrast images of VM formation in D17 cells treated with vehicle control, 80 μM celecoxib, or 80 μM celecoxib + 100 ng/mL PGE2 at 7 h and 24 h post-seeding on Matrigel. ( b ) Quantitative analysis of VM network parameters (master junctions, master segments, meshes) at 7 h using ImageJ software. ( c ) Quantitative analysis of VM network parameters at 24 h. Magnification, ×40. Data represent mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus vehicle control by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: PGE 2 levels were quantified using the Parameter TM PGE 2 assay kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Control, Software

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A commensally regulated immune rheostat fine-tunes skin barrier fitness

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.07.698149

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) UMAP plots of murine skin single cell RNA-seq data encompassing 9736 cells (7897 immune cells (thereof 695 Langerhans cells), 1535 epithelial cells (composed of 890 EpSCs and 645 differentiated progeny), 304 fibroblasts, respectively). Each cell is colored according to cell type annotation as described in legend (see Methods). (B) UMAP plot (left), average relative expression and percentage of Ptgs1 + cells within the skin populations. (C) Left: Representative histogram from flow cytometry of COX-1 expression by EpSCs, differentiating epidermal cells (Diff), DETCs and LCs within the epidermis of control ( Il34 LacZ/+ ) animals. Right: Integrated Mean Fluorescence Intensity (iMFI) of COX-1 in EpSCs, Diff, DETCs and LCs from control and LC-deficient animals ( Il34 LacZ/+ and Il34 LacZ/LacZ respectively). Each dot corresponds to data from one mouse, median shown, One-Way ANOVA with Šidák multiple-comparison correction. (D) Representative IF image and zoom-in insets of COX-1 expression within the skin, showing enrichment of COX-1 signal within LCs. (E) Prostaglandin pathway schematic highlighting COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes in the production of prostaglandins (PG) (highlighted in grey), with cognate receptors (PG-R) (highlighted in blue). (F) UMAP plot (left), average expression and frequency of total of Ptger4+ cells within the skin populations. (G) PGE 2 levels within epidermal fractions of control and LC-deficient animals ( Il34 LacZ/+ and Il34 LacZ/LacZ respectively), two-tailed unpaired Student’s t tests. (H-I) Top: Schematic of arachidonic acid (AA)-alkyne topical application following detection with AZDye-488 Azide via click-chemistry, Bottom: representative IF image of AA uptake by LCs, with respective quantification of AA-alkyne Mean Fluorescent Intensity (MFI), One-Way ANOVA with Šidák multiple-comparison correction. (J) PGE 2 levels within epidermal fractions of WT animals in the presence or absence of AA-alkyne, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t tests. For (A-J): Each dot corresponds to data from one mouse with median shown, n ≥ 3 mice per condition.

Article Snippet: PGE 2 levels were measured using PGE 2 Assay as kit instruction (R&D Systems, Cat: KGE004B).

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Control, Fluorescence, Comparison, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A commensally regulated immune rheostat fine-tunes skin barrier fitness

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.07.698149

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative IF images and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) quantifications of COX-1 in LCs of mice housed under SPF, GF or S.epi- colonized conditions. (B) Epidermal Relative Expression (RE) of Ptgs1 in the skins of mice housed under SPF, GF or S.epi- colonized conditions (normalized to SPF animals). (C) Top: Experimental schematic highlighting S.epi application regimen; Bottom: epidermal relative expression of Ptgs1 in Ctrl, S.epi, S.epi-acute colonized animals (normalized to Ctrl animals). (D) Top: Experimental schematic highlighting S.epi and S.epi – heat killed ( S.epi – HK) application regimen; Bottom: epidermal relative expression of Ptgs1 in Ctrl, S.epi, S.epi-acute colonized animals (normalized to Ctrl animals). (E) Top: Experimental schematic highlighting the topical application regimen for LTA, as well as its location within the bacterial cell wall; Bottom: epidermal relative expression of Ptgs1 according to LTA dose. Median with Standard Error (SE) shown, simple linear regression fitted. (F) Representative IF images (dashed line epidermal-dermal boundary, arrowheads highlighting nuclear YAP shown on a heatmap) and MFI of active nuclear YAP in EpSC following LTA topical application at different doses (as outlined in E). Median with Standard Error (SE) shown, simple linear regression fitted. (G) Representative IF images (dotted line epidermal-dermal boundary, nuclear active YAP shown on a heatmap) and MFI of nuclear YAP in EpSC following LTA topical application at different doses with addition of daily iCOX1 inhibitor. (H) Summary Schematic: dose-responsive microbial tuning of COX-1 in LCs results in production of PGE 2 which modulates EpSC output and promotes barrier integrity. For (A-G): each dot corresponds to data from one mouse, n ≥ 3 mice per condition, median shown, One-Way ANOVA with Šidák multiple-comparison correction.

Article Snippet: PGE 2 levels were measured using PGE 2 Assay as kit instruction (R&D Systems, Cat: KGE004B).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Expressing, Comparison